ROBOTICS FOR KIDS
Learn. Build. Code. Create!
A Beginner-Friendly Guide to Electronics & Arduino Projects
Get ready to dive into the exciting world of robotics with easy-to-understand circuits, hands-on projects, and fun block-based coding! Whether you're a curious young maker, a student stepping into STEM for the first time, or a parent/teacher guiding a future innovator—this book is your perfect starting point.
BASIC ELECTRONICS
What is electronics?
All of these things use electronics!Electronics is the study and application of electronic devices, circuits,and systems.In simpler terms, it is the use of electricity to control and manipulate information and power.
Electricity
Electricity is the flow of tiny particles called electrons. We can use electricity to power electronic devices like light bulbs, fans, and radios.
What is an electronic circuit?
An electronic circuit is like a path that electricity can travel on. Imagine it like a road that a car can drive on.If you connect a battery, a switch, and a light bulb in a circuit, when you turn on the switch, electricity flows from the battery through the wires and into the light bulb,making it light up.
Difference between open and closed circuit:
Open circuit: An open circuit is a circuit in which the path is incomplete which means there is no flow of current.
Closed circuit: A closed circuit is a circuit in which the path is complete and there is a flow of current in the entire path.
Conductors
Materials which allow electric current to pass through them are called conductors of electricity.Examples are iron nail, key, safety pin, water, human body etc.
Materials which do not allow electric current to pass through them are called insulators.Examples are rubber, wood, plastic, glass, air, cloth etc.
Battery (DC Power Supply)
A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy.Batteries have two terminals, a positive (+) terminal and a negative (-) terminal.
When a device is connected to the battery, the positive terminal is connected to the positive side of the device and the negative terminal is connected to the negative side of the device.
Charging and discharging
Batteries can be charged and discharged. When a battery is charged, it is filled with energy. When a battery is discharged, it releases energy to power a device.
Current
Current is the flow of electrical electrons Symbol for current-I Unit–Ampere (A) just like water flows through the pipe, electricity flows through a wire or circuit.
Voltage
Voltage is the pressure from the power source that pushes the electrons to flow through the circuit for illuminating the light.Unit–Volt(V).Just like the water tank holds water at a certain height, voltage is a measure of how much electrical energy is stored in a battery or power source.High voltage battery will give more brightness to the light.
The different types of currents:
Direct Current (DC)
A current that always flows in one direction only is called direct current. The current we get from a battery is a direct current.
Alternating current (AC):
A current that reverses its direction periodically is called alternating current. Most power stations in our country produce alternating current. AC changes direction every 1/100 second and its frequency is 50 Hertz (Hz). One advantage of AC over DC is that it can be transmitted over long distances without much loss of energy.DC is like a river that flows in one direction, while AC is like an ocean wave that moves back and forth.
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