This appears to be a circular servo motor array - approximately 36-40 servo motors controlled by a single Arduino Mega 2560, creating what could be a kinetic sculpture, LED display mechanism, or robotic platform.
Step-by-Step Description
1. Hardware Components
- Arduino Mega 2560 - Central controller (needed because it has many PWM pins)
- ~36-40 Servo Motors - Arranged in a circle, likely SG90 or similar hobby servos
- Power Distribution - The red components appear to be power rails/buses
- Wiring - Multiple colored wires (signal, power, ground)
2. Wiring Architecture
- Signal Wires (various colors) - Connect from Arduino digital pins to each servo's signal pin
- Power Rails (red) - Distribute 5V to all servos (servos typically need external power, not from Arduino)
- Ground (black/brown) - Common ground between Arduino and servos
- Control Pins - Each servo uses one digital pin from the Arduino Mega
3. Circuit Design Pattern
The servos are arranged in a radial pattern where:
- Each servo gets its own control signal from the Arduino
- Power is shared through a common power distribution system
- Grounds are connected together (common ground principle)
4. Programming
Servoarduino ino:
// ServoOverdone.ino
//
// Example for multiple Servo objects in a array.
//
// Version 1, 28 July 2021, by Koepel.
// Version 2, 15 August 2021, by Koepel.
// changed timing, a little slower
// diagram.json has servos in reverse order (I think it is visually better)
// Added fourth sequence: "compass"
//
// Public Domain
//
#include <Servo.h>
#define NUM_SERVOS 32
Servo myServo[NUM_SERVOS];
void setup()
{
// Attach pins from the Arduino Mega board to the Servo objects.
// Starting from pin 22, there happen to be exactly 32 pins on the double row pins.
for( int i=0; i<NUM_SERVOS; i++)
{
myServo[i].attach( i + 22); // pin 22 up to 53 is 32 pins
}
}
void loop()
{
// Sequence one.
// All servo motor are set to a random angle.
for( int a=0; a<15; a++)
{
for( int i=0; i<NUM_SERVOS; i++)
{
myServo[i].write( random( 0, 181));
delay( 2);
}
delay( 150);
}
// Sequence two.
// All servo motors move with the same angle.
for( int i=0; i<NUM_SERVOS; i++)
{
myServo[i].write( 0); // set to begin position (horn is rotated left)
}
delay( 1000); // wait to let the viewer get used to it
for( int a=0; a<3; a++)
{
for( int r=0; r<=180; r++) // move horns to the right
{
for( int i=0; i<NUM_SERVOS; i++)
{
myServo[i].write( r);
}
delay( 6);
}
for( int r=180; r>=0; r--)
{
for( int i=0; i<NUM_SERVOS; i++) // move horns to the left
{
myServo[i].write( r);
}
delay( 6);
}
}
// Sequence three.
// A rotating wave.
for( int a=0; a<6; a++)
{
for( int i=0; i<NUM_SERVOS; i++)
{
for( int j=0; j<NUM_SERVOS; j++)
{
// Calculate distance to active servo
int d = j - i;
if( d < 0)
d = -d;
if( d > (NUM_SERVOS / 2))
d = NUM_SERVOS - d;
int angle = 90 - (10 * d);
if( angle < 0)
angle = 0;
myServo[j].write( angle);
}
delay(40);
}
}
// Sequence four.
// A "compass"
// Start by pointing upwards
int pointer = NUM_SERVOS * 3 / 4;
showPointer( pointer);
delay( 1000); // let the viewer get used to new pattern
for( int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
showPointer( --pointer);
delay( 150);
}
delay( 200);
for( int i=0; i<9; i++)
{
showPointer( ++pointer);
delay( 150);
}
delay( 200);
for( int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
showPointer( --pointer);
delay( 150);
}
delay( 200);
for( int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
showPointer( ++pointer);
delay( 150);
}
delay( 160);
for( int i=0; i<2; i++)
{
showPointer( --pointer);
delay( 150);
}
delay( 80);
for( int i=0; i<1; i++)
{
showPointer( ++pointer);
delay( 150);
}
delay( 2000);
}
// This function makes a "pointer" with the servos.
// It is used to create the "compass".
// The parameter 's' is the servo motor that has the pointer.
// It is allowed that 's' is below zero or larger than the numbers of servo motors.
void showPointer( int s)
{
int pointerA = s % NUM_SERVOS; // Using the '%' (remainder) for valid number
int pointerB = (s + 1) % NUM_SERVOS; // pointer is made with the next servo motor
int tailA = (s + 16) % NUM_SERVOS;
int tailB = (s + 17) % NUM_SERVOS;
// make pointer with servo motor s and s+1.
myServo[pointerA].write(180-56);
myServo[pointerB].write(56);
// make tail with servo motor s+16 and s+17.
myServo[tailA].write(95);
myServo[tailB].write(85);
// Set servos right of pointer
int n = (NUM_SERVOS / 2) - 2;
int start = pointerB + 1;
for( int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
int j = (start + i) % NUM_SERVOS;
myServo[j].write( 2);
}
// Set servos left of pointer
start = tailB + 1;
for( int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
int j = (start + i) % NUM_SERVOS;
myServo[j].write( 178);
}
}
// The function GenerateDiagram() can be used to generate
// the diagram.json file for Wokwi.
// To use it, call it from the setup() function, and the
// serial output can be copied into the diagram.json file.
void GenerateDiagram()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.print( "{\n");
Serial.print( " \"version\": 1,\n");
Serial.print( " \"author\": \"Generated\",\n");
Serial.print( " \"editor\": \"wokwi\",\n");
Serial.print( " \"parts\": [\n");
Serial.print( " {\n");
Serial.print( " \"type\": \"wokwi-arduino-mega\",\n");
Serial.print( " \"id\": \"mega\",\n");
Serial.print( " \"top\": 270,\n");
Serial.print( " \"left\": 185,\n");
Serial.print( " \"attrs\": {}\n");
Serial.print( " },\n");
// Put the servo motor in reverse order in the diagram.json
// I think that is visually better.
// The horn now overlaps the next servo when the horn moves to the right.
for( int i=NUM_SERVOS-1; i>=0; i--)
{
float rotate = float( i) * (360.0 / float( NUM_SERVOS));
float rad = rotate / 360.0 * 2.0 * M_PI;
float top = (300.0 * sin( rad)) + 300.0;
float left = (300.0 * cos( rad)) + 300.0;
Serial.print( " {\n");
Serial.print( " \"type\": \"wokwi-servo\",\n");
Serial.print( " \"id\": \"servo");
Serial.print( i);
Serial.print( "\",\n");
Serial.print( " \"top\": ");
Serial.print( top);
Serial.print( ",\n");
Serial.print( " \"left\": ");
Serial.print( left);
Serial.print( ",\n");
Serial.print( " \"rotate\": ");
Serial.print( rotate);
Serial.print( ",\n");
Serial.print( " \"attrs\": { \"hornColor\": \"Red\" }\n");
Serial.print( " }");
if( i != 0)
Serial.print( ",");
Serial.print( "\n");
}
Serial.print( " ],\n");
Serial.print( " \"connections\": [\n");
for( int i=0; i<NUM_SERVOS; i++)
{
int j = i + 1;
if( j == NUM_SERVOS)
j = 0;
Serial.print( " [ \"servo");
Serial.print( i);
Serial.print( ":V+\", \"servo");
Serial.print( j);
Serial.print( ":V+\", \"Red\", [] ],\n");
Serial.print( " [ \"servo");
Serial.print( i);
Serial.print( ":GND\", \"servo");
Serial.print( j);
Serial.print( ":GND\", \"Black\", [] ],\n");
Serial.print( " [ \"mega:");
Serial.print( i + 22);
Serial.print( "\", \"servo");
Serial.print( i);
Serial.print( ":PWM\", \"Green\", [ ] ],\n");
}
Serial.print( " [ \"mega:GND.2\", \"servo9:GND\", \"Black\", [ ] ],\n");
Serial.print( " [ \"mega:5V\", \"servo9:V+\", \"Red\", [ ] ]\n");
Serial.print( " ]\n");
Serial.print( "}\n");
}
5. Possible Applications
- Kinetic art installation - Creating wave or ripple effects
- LED clock/display - Each servo could point to create patterns
- Mechanical display - Flip-dot style visual display
- Robot base - Omnidirectional movement platform
- Educational demonstration - Teaching synchronized motor control
DIAGRAM .json:
{
"version": 1,
"author": "Generated",
"editor": "wokwi",
"parts": [
{ "type": "wokwi-arduino-mega", "id": "mega", "top": 270, "left": 185, "attrs": {} },
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo31",
"top": 241.47,
"left": 594.24,
"rotate": 348.75,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo30",
"top": 185.19,
"left": 577.16,
"rotate": 337.5,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo29",
"top": 133.33,
"left": 549.44,
"rotate": 326.25,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo28",
"top": 87.87,
"left": 512.13,
"rotate": 315,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo27",
"top": 50.56,
"left": 466.67,
"rotate": 303.75,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo26",
"top": 22.84,
"left": 414.81,
"rotate": 292.5,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo25",
"top": 5.76,
"left": 358.53,
"rotate": 281.25,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo24",
"top": 0,
"left": 300,
"rotate": 270,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo23",
"top": 5.76,
"left": 241.47,
"rotate": 258.75,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo22",
"top": 22.84,
"left": 185.2,
"rotate": 247.5,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo21",
"top": 50.56,
"left": 133.33,
"rotate": 236.25,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo20",
"top": 87.87,
"left": 87.87,
"rotate": 225,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo19",
"top": 133.33,
"left": 50.56,
"rotate": 213.75,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo18",
"top": 185.19,
"left": 22.84,
"rotate": 202.5,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo17",
"top": 241.47,
"left": 5.76,
"rotate": 191.25,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo16",
"top": 300,
"left": 0,
"rotate": 180,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo15",
"top": 358.53,
"left": 5.76,
"rotate": 168.75,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo14",
"top": 414.8,
"left": 22.84,
"rotate": 157.5,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo13",
"top": 466.67,
"left": 50.56,
"rotate": 146.25,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo12",
"top": 512.13,
"left": 87.87,
"rotate": 135,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo11",
"top": 549.44,
"left": 133.33,
"rotate": 123.75,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo10",
"top": 577.16,
"left": 185.19,
"rotate": 112.5,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo9",
"top": 594.24,
"left": 241.47,
"rotate": 101.25,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo8",
"top": 600,
"left": 300,
"rotate": 90,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo7",
"top": 594.24,
"left": 358.53,
"rotate": 78.75,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo6",
"top": 577.16,
"left": 414.81,
"rotate": 67.5,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo5",
"top": 549.44,
"left": 466.67,
"rotate": 56.25,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo4",
"top": 512.13,
"left": 512.13,
"rotate": 45,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo3",
"top": 466.67,
"left": 549.44,
"rotate": 33.75,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo2",
"top": 414.81,
"left": 577.16,
"rotate": 22.5,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo1",
"top": 358.53,
"left": 594.24,
"rotate": 11.25,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
},
{
"type": "wokwi-servo",
"id": "servo0",
"top": 300,
"left": 600,
"attrs": { "hornColor": "Red" }
}
],
"connections": [
[ "servo0:V+", "servo1:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo0:GND", "servo1:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:22", "servo0:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo1:V+", "servo2:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo1:GND", "servo2:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:23", "servo1:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo2:V+", "servo3:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo2:GND", "servo3:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:24", "servo2:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo3:V+", "servo4:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo3:GND", "servo4:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:25", "servo3:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo4:V+", "servo5:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo4:GND", "servo5:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:26", "servo4:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo5:V+", "servo6:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo5:GND", "servo6:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:27", "servo5:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo6:V+", "servo7:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo6:GND", "servo7:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:28", "servo6:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo7:V+", "servo8:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo7:GND", "servo8:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:29", "servo7:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo8:V+", "servo9:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo8:GND", "servo9:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:30", "servo8:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo9:V+", "servo10:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo9:GND", "servo10:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:31", "servo9:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo10:V+", "servo11:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo10:GND", "servo11:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:32", "servo10:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo11:V+", "servo12:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo11:GND", "servo12:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:33", "servo11:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo12:V+", "servo13:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo12:GND", "servo13:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:34", "servo12:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo13:V+", "servo14:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo13:GND", "servo14:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:35", "servo13:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo14:V+", "servo15:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo14:GND", "servo15:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:36", "servo14:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo15:V+", "servo16:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo15:GND", "servo16:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:37", "servo15:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo16:V+", "servo17:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo16:GND", "servo17:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:38", "servo16:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo17:V+", "servo18:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo17:GND", "servo18:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:39", "servo17:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo18:V+", "servo19:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo18:GND", "servo19:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:40", "servo18:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo19:V+", "servo20:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo19:GND", "servo20:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:41", "servo19:PWM", "gold", [] ],
[ "servo20:V+", "servo21:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo20:GND", "servo21:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:42", "servo20:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo21:V+", "servo22:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo21:GND", "servo22:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:43", "servo21:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo22:V+", "servo23:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo22:GND", "servo23:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:44", "servo22:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo23:V+", "servo24:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo23:GND", "servo24:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:45", "servo23:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo24:V+", "servo25:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo24:GND", "servo25:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:46", "servo24:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo25:V+", "servo26:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo25:GND", "servo26:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:47", "servo25:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo26:V+", "servo27:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo26:GND", "servo27:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:48", "servo26:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo27:V+", "servo28:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo27:GND", "servo28:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:49", "servo27:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo28:V+", "servo29:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo28:GND", "servo29:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:50", "servo28:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo29:V+", "servo30:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo29:GND", "servo30:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:51", "servo29:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo30:V+", "servo31:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo30:GND", "servo31:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:52", "servo30:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "servo31:V+", "servo0:V+", "Red", [] ],
[ "servo31:GND", "servo0:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:53", "servo31:PWM", "Green", [] ],
[ "mega:GND.2", "servo9:GND", "Black", [] ],
[ "mega:5V", "servo9:V+", "Red", [] ]
],
"dependencies": {}
}
6. Key Considerations
- Power Requirements - 36 servos can draw significant current (possibly 1-2A each under load = 36-72A total!), requiring a robust external power supply
- Pin Limitations - Arduino Mega has 54 digital I/O pins, sufficient for this many servos
- Timing - Servo library can handle multiple servos, but may need careful timing for smooth operation
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