Buzzer Sound Generation Using Arduino Uno in Wokwi – Beginner Guide with Code

 

Introduction

In this project, we will learn how to generate sound using a buzzer with Arduino Uno in the Wokwi simulator. Buzzers are commonly used in alarms, timers, security systems, and IoT alert devices.

This beginner-friendly Arduino project helps you understand:

• Digital output control

• Tone generation using tone() function

• Frequency control

• Basic sound patterns

You can simulate the entire circuit online using Wokwi without physical components.

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Components Required (Wokwi Simulation)

• Arduino Uno

• Piezo Buzzer

• Jumper wires

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Circuit Connections

Diagram.json:

{

  "version": 1,

  "author": "Claude",

  "editor": "wokwi",

  "parts": [

    { "type": "wokwi-arduino-uno", "id": "uno", "top": 211.8, "left": -144.6, "attrs": {} },

    {

      "type": "wokwi-buzzer",

      "id": "buzzer1",

      "top": 127.2,

      "left": 117,

      "attrs": { "volume": "0.8" }

    },

    { "type": "wokwi-led", "id": "led1", "top": 100, "left": 250, "attrs": { "color": "red" } },

    { "type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "r1", "top": 110, "left": 180, "attrs": { "value": "220" } },

    {

      "type": "wokwi-pushbutton",

      "id": "btn1",

      "top": 200,

      "left": 50,

      "attrs": { "color": "green" }

    }

  ],

  "connections": [

    [ "uno:8", "buzzer1:1", "green", [ "v0" ] ],

    [ "buzzer1:2", "uno:GND.1", "black", [ "v0" ] ],

    [ "uno:13", "r1:1", "red", [ "v0" ] ],

    [ "r1:2", "led1:A", "red", [ "v0" ] ],

    [ "led1:C", "uno:GND.2", "black", [ "v0" ] ],

    [ "btn1:1.l", "uno:2", "blue", [ "v0" ] ],

    [ "btn1:2.r", "uno:GND.3", "black", [ "v0" ] ]

  ],

  "dependencies": {}

}

Buzzer Pin	Arduino Connection
Positive (+)	Pin 8
Negative (–)	GND

That’s it! The wiring is very simple.

How the Code Works

Code:

/*

 * Buzzer Sound Generation - IMPROVED VERSION

 * Better button response and clear mode indicators

 * Press button ANYTIME to change modes!

 */

// Pin Definitions

const int buzzerPin = 8;

const int buttonPin = 2;

const int ledPin = 13;

// Variables

volatile int soundMode = 0;  // Use volatile for interrupt

int lastMode = -1;           // Track mode changes

bool modeChanged = true;     // Flag for mode change

// Musical note frequencies

#define NOTE_C4  262

#define NOTE_D4  294

#define NOTE_E4  330

#define NOTE_F4  349

#define NOTE_G4  392

#define NOTE_A4  440

#define NOTE_B4  494

#define NOTE_C5  523

#define NOTE_D5  587

#define NOTE_E5  659

#define NOTE_F5  698

#define NOTE_G5  784

#define NOTE_A5  880

#define NOTE_B5  988

#define REST 0

void setup() {

  pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP);

  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

 

  // Attach interrupt for instant button response

  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(buttonPin), buttonPressed, FALLING);

 

  Serial.begin(9600);

  Serial.println("\n========================================");

  Serial.println("   BUZZER SOUND SYSTEM - IMPROVED");

  Serial.println("========================================");

  Serial.println("Press button ANYTIME to change modes!");

  Serial.println("Watch the LED blink pattern!");

  Serial.println("========================================");

  Serial.println("Mode 0: Simple Beeps (1 blink)");

  Serial.println("Mode 1: Alarm (2 blinks)");

  Serial.println("Mode 2: Police Siren (3 blinks)");

  Serial.println("Mode 3: Ambulance (4 blinks)");

  Serial.println("Mode 4: Door Bell (5 blinks)");

  Serial.println("Mode 5: Happy Birthday (6 blinks)");

  Serial.println("Mode 6: Twinkle Star (7 blinks)");

  Serial.println("Mode 7: Mario (8 blinks)");

  Serial.println("Mode 8: Star Wars (9 blinks)");

  Serial.println("Mode 9: Nokia (10 blinks)");

  Serial.println("========================================\n");

 

  playStartupSound();

}

void loop() {

  // Check if mode changed

  if (modeChanged) {

    noTone(buzzerPin);  // Stop current sound

    showMode();         // Show mode with LED blinks

    modeChanged = false;

    lastMode = soundMode;

  }

 

  // Play current mode

  switch(soundMode) {

    case 0: simpleBeeps(); break;

    case 1: alarmSound(); break;

    case 2: policeSiren(); break;

    case 3: ambulanceSiren(); break;

    case 4: doorBell(); break;

    case 5: playHappyBirthday(); break;

    case 6: playTwinkleTwinkle(); break;

    case 7: playMarioTheme(); break;

    case 8: playStarWars(); break;

    case 9: playNokiaRingtone(); break;

  }

 

  delay(100);  // Small delay

}

// Interrupt service routine

void buttonPressed() {

  static unsigned long lastInterruptTime = 0;

  unsigned long interruptTime = millis();

 

  // Debounce - ignore if pressed within 200ms

  if (interruptTime - lastInterruptTime > 200) {

    soundMode++;

    if (soundMode > 9) soundMode = 0;

    modeChanged = true;

  }

  lastInterruptTime = interruptTime;

}

// Show current mode with LED blinks

void showMode() {

  Serial.print("\n>>> MODE ");

  Serial.print(soundMode);

  Serial.print(": ");

 

  switch(soundMode) {

    case 0: Serial.println("Simple Beeps"); break;

    case 1: Serial.println("Alarm Sound"); break;

    case 2: Serial.println("Police Siren"); break;

    case 3: Serial.println("Ambulance Siren"); break;

    case 4: Serial.println("Door Bell"); break;

    case 5: Serial.println("Happy Birthday"); break;

    case 6: Serial.println("Twinkle Twinkle"); break;

    case 7: Serial.println("Mario Theme"); break;

    case 8: Serial.println("Star Wars"); break;

    case 9: Serial.println("Nokia Ringtone"); break;

  }

 

  // Blink LED (mode + 1) times

  delay(500);

  for(int i = 0; i <= soundMode; i++) {

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

    tone(buzzerPin, 1000, 50);  // Short beep

    delay(150);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

    delay(150);

  }

  delay(500);

}

// ============================================

// MODE 0: Simple Beeps

// ============================================

void simpleBeeps() {

  digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

  tone(buzzerPin, 1000, 200);

  delay(200);

  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

  delay(800);

}

// ============================================

// MODE 1: Alarm Sound

// ============================================

void alarmSound() {

  for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

    tone(buzzerPin, 1000, 300);

    delay(300);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

    tone(buzzerPin, 500, 300);

    delay(300);

  }

  delay(400);

}

// ============================================

// MODE 2: Police Siren

// ============================================

void policeSiren() {

  // Faster siren

  for(int freq = 500; freq < 1500; freq += 100) {

    tone(buzzerPin, freq, 20);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

    delay(20);

  }

  for(int freq = 1500; freq > 500; freq -= 100) {

    tone(buzzerPin, freq, 20);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

    delay(20);

  }

  delay(200);

}

// ============================================

// MODE 3: Ambulance Siren

// ============================================

void ambulanceSiren() {

  for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

    tone(buzzerPin, 600, 150);

    delay(150);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

    tone(buzzerPin, 800, 150);

    delay(150);

  }

  delay(300);

}

// ============================================

// MODE 4: Door Bell

// ============================================

void doorBell() {

  digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

  tone(buzzerPin, 1000, 200);

  delay(200);

  tone(buzzerPin, 800, 400);

  delay(400);

  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

  delay(1000);

}

// ============================================

// MODE 5: Happy Birthday (SHORT VERSION)

// ============================================

void playHappyBirthday() {

  int melody[] = {

    NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_E4,

    NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_F4

  };

 

  int durations[] = {8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 2, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 2};

 

  for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {

    int duration = 1000 / durations[i];

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

    tone(buzzerPin, melody[i], duration);

    delay(duration * 1.2);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

    noTone(buzzerPin);

    delay(50);

  }

  delay(1000);

}

// ============================================

// MODE 6: Twinkle Twinkle (SHORT VERSION)

// ============================================

void playTwinkleTwinkle() {

  int melody[] = {

    NOTE_C4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_G4,

    NOTE_F4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_C4

  };

 

  int durations[] = {4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2};

 

  for (int i = 0; i < 14; i++) {

    int duration = 1000 / durations[i];

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

    tone(buzzerPin, melody[i], duration);

    delay(duration * 1.2);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

    noTone(buzzerPin);

    delay(50);

  }

  delay(1000);

}

// ============================================

// MODE 7: Mario Theme

// ============================================

void playMarioTheme() {

  int melody[] = {

    NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5, REST, NOTE_E5, REST, NOTE_C5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_G5

  };

 

  int durations[] = {8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 4};

 

  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {

    int duration = 1000 / durations[i];

    if (melody[i] == REST) {

      delay(duration);

    } else {

      digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

      tone(buzzerPin, melody[i], duration);

      delay(duration * 1.2);

      digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

      noTone(buzzerPin);

    }

    delay(50);

  }

  delay(1000);

}

// ============================================

// MODE 8: Star Wars

// ============================================

void playStarWars() {

  int melody[] = {

    NOTE_A4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_C5,

    NOTE_A4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_A4

  };

 

  int durations[] = {8, 8, 8, 6, 16, 8, 6, 16, 4};

 

  for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {

    int duration = 1000 / durations[i];

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

    tone(buzzerPin, melody[i], duration);

    delay(duration * 1.2);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

    noTone(buzzerPin);

    delay(50);

  }

  delay(1000);

}

// ============================================

// MODE 9: Nokia Ringtone

// ============================================

void playNokiaRingtone() {

  int melody[] = {

    NOTE_E5, NOTE_D5, NOTE_F4, NOTE_G4,

    NOTE_C5, NOTE_B4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_E4

  };

 

  int durations[] = {8, 8, 4, 4, 8, 8, 4, 4};

 

  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {

    int duration = 1000 / durations[i];

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

    tone(buzzerPin, melody[i], duration);

    delay(duration * 1.2);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

    noTone(buzzerPin);

    delay(50);

  }

  delay(1000);

}

// ============================================

// Startup Sound

// ============================================

void playStartupSound() {

  Serial.println("Starting up...");

  for(int i = 200; i < 1000; i += 100) {

    tone(buzzerPin, i, 50);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

    delay(50);

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

    delay(50);

  }

  Serial.println("Ready!\n");

}

• tone(pin, frequency) generates sound at a specific frequency (in Hz).

• noTone(pin) stops the sound.

• delay() controls how long the buzzer stays ON or OFF.

• 1000 Hz produces a medium-pitch sound.

Applications of Buzzer with Arduino

• Alarm systems

• Fire detection alerts

• Timer notification systems

• Smart home alerts

• Security systems

• School exhibition Arduino projects

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Why Use Wokwi Simulator?

• No hardware required

• Easy to test sound logic

• Beginner-friendly interface

• Perfect for Arduino learners

Wokwi allows you to simulate buzzer sound generation instantly.

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FAQ

Q1: What is the tone() function?

It generates a square wave of a specific frequency on a digital pin.

Q2: Can I play music using a buzzer?

Yes, by programming different frequencies in sequence.

Q3: Is this project suitable for beginners?

Yes, this is one of the easiest Arduino output projects.

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Conclusion

The Buzzer Sound Generation using Arduino Uno in Wokwi is a simple yet powerful beginner project. It teaches frequency control, sound generation, and digital output concepts in embedded systems.

This project is perfect for robotics students, electronics beginners, and IoT enthusiasts.