Arduino Nano-Based Landslide Detection System with GSM Alerts – Smart Disaster Monitoring Project

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The Arduino Nano Landslide Detection System is a smart environmental safety solution designed to detect early warning signs of landslides and send instant SMS alerts using a GSM module. Built around the Arduino Nano, this system combines soil moisture monitoring, vibration sensing, tilt detection, and GSM communication for real-time disaster alerts.

This project is ideal for:

  • Hilly and landslide-prone regions

  • Highway & railway slope monitoring

  • Mining areas

  • Smart village safety systems

  • Construction site soil stability monitoring

 How the System Works

  1. Soil Moisture Sensor monitors water saturation levels.

  2. Vibration Sensor (SW-420) detects abnormal ground movement.

  3. Tilt/Accelerometer Sensor (ADXL345) measures slope angle changes.

  4. The Arduino Nano continuously analyzes sensor data.

  5. If values exceed safe thresholds:

    • Buzzer and red LED activate.

    • GSM module sends an emergency SMS alert.

  6. Alerts are sent using either SIM800L or SIM900.

 Key Components

  • Arduino Nano

  • Soil Moisture Sensor

  • Vibration Sensor (SW-420)

  • ADXL345

  • GSM Module (SIM800L / SIM900)

  • 5V / 12V Regulated Power Supply

  • Buzzer & Status LEDs

  • Connecting wires & breadboard

 Basic Circuit Connections

 Soil Moisture Sensor

Sensor PinArduino Nano
VCC5V
GNDGND
AOA0

 Vibration Sensor (SW-420)

Sensor PinArduino Nano
VCC5V
GNDGND
DOD2

 ADXL345 (I2C Mode)

ADXL345Arduino Nano
VCC3.3V
GNDGND
SDAA4
SCLA5

 GSM Module (SIM800L / SIM900)

GSM PinArduino Nano
TXD7
RXD8
GNDGND
VCCExternal regulated supply

 Important:

  • SIM800L requires stable 4V power supply (2A peak current).

  • Always use a separate regulated power source.

  • Connect all grounds together (common ground).

 Features & Benefits

✔ Early landslide detection
✔ Multi-sensor monitoring system
✔ Real-time SMS alerts
✔ Works without internet
✔ Low-cost disaster monitoring
✔ Expandable with IoT cloud platforms

Applications

  • Landslide-prone hill stations

  • Road & railway slope monitoring

  • Mining safety systems

  • Smart disaster alert systems

  • Flood & soil instability detection

 Why Use GSM Alerts?

Using GSM modules like SIM800L or SIM900 offers:

  • Instant SMS notifications

  • No internet dependency

  • Wide-area cellular coverage

  • Reliable remote communication

  • Ideal for rural & mountainous regions

Learning Outcomes

  • Multi-sensor integration

  • I2C communication with accelerometer

  • GSM AT command handling

  • Disaster monitoring system design

  • Real-world safety automation


Code:
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <Adafruit_ADXL345_U.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

// Pin definitions
#define SOIL_SENSOR_PIN A0
#define VIBRATION_SENSOR_PIN 2
#define BUZZER_PIN 3
#define GREEN_LED 4
#define YELLOW_LED 5
#define RED_LED 6

// Threshold values
#define MOISTURE_THRESHOLD 500  // Soil moisture threshold
#define VIBRATION_THRESHOLD 100 // Vibration sensor threshold
#define TILT_THRESHOLD 15.0     // Tilt threshold (degrees)

// Initialize accelerometer
Adafruit_ADXL345_Unified accel = Adafruit_ADXL345_Unified(12345);

// GSM module connected to pins D7 (TX) and D8 (RX)
SoftwareSerial gsm(7, 8);

void setup() {
  // Pin Modes
  pinMode(SOIL_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(VIBRATION_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(GREEN_LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(YELLOW_LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RED_LED, OUTPUT);

  // Initialize Serial and GSM
  Serial.begin(9600);
  gsm.begin(9600);

  // Initialize Accelerometer
  if (!accel.begin()) {
    Serial.println("No ADXL345 detected, check wiring.");
    while (1);
  }
  accel.setRange(ADXL345_RANGE_16_G); // Set range for the accelerometer
}

void loop() {
  int moistureLevel = analogRead(SOIL_SENSOR_PIN);
  int vibration = digitalRead(VIBRATION_SENSOR_PIN);

  sensors_event_t event;
  accel.getEvent(&event);
  float tilt = atan2(event.acceleration.y, event.acceleration.x) * 180 / PI;

  // Print sensor readings
  Serial.print("Soil Moisture: ");
  Serial.println(moistureLevel);
  Serial.print("Vibration: ");
  Serial.println(vibration);
  Serial.print("Tilt: ");
  Serial.println(tilt);

  // Landslide detection logic
  if (moistureLevel > MOISTURE_THRESHOLD || vibration > VIBRATION_THRESHOLD || abs(tilt) > TILT_THRESHOLD) {
    // Trigger alert
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(RED_LED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(YELLOW_LED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, LOW);
    sendSMS("Warning: Possible landslide detected!");
    delay(2000);
  } else if (moistureLevel > MOISTURE_THRESHOLD || abs(tilt) > (TILT_THRESHOLD / 2)) {
    // Moderate alert
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(RED_LED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(YELLOW_LED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, LOW);
  } else {
    // Normal status
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(RED_LED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(YELLOW_LED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, HIGH);
  }

  delay(1000); // Delay to avoid rapid triggering
}

// Function to send SMS alerts
void sendSMS(String message) {
  gsm.println("AT+CMGF=1");  // Set SMS mode to text
  delay(1000);
  gsm.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91xxxxxxxxxx\"");  // Replace with the recipient's phone number
  delay(1000);
  gsm.println(message);
  delay(100);
  gsm.println((char)26);  // ASCII code of CTRL+Z to send the message
  delay(1000);
}

 

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