Raspberry Pi Zero W and GSM SIM900 Based Ultrasonic Distance Measurement System

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Raspberry Pi Zero W & GSM SIM900 Ultrasonic Distance Measurement System – IoT Remote Monitoring Project

The Raspberry Pi Zero W and GSM SIM900 Based Ultrasonic Distance Measurement System is a smart IoT-enabled monitoring solution designed for real-time distance sensing and SMS-based remote alerts. Built using the compact Raspberry Pi Zero W developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this project integrates a SIM900 GSM/GPRS module and a JSN-SR04T ultrasonic sensor to deliver accurate measurements and reliable long-distance communication without internet dependency.

This system is ideal for water level monitoring, industrial automation, smart agriculture, intrusion detection, and remote infrastructure management.

🔹 Project Overview

The system includes:

  • Raspberry Pi Zero W (Wi-Fi + Bluetooth enabled controller)

  • SIM900 GSM/GPRS module for SMS communication

  • JSN-SR04T waterproof ultrasonic distance sensor

  • External regulated power supply

  • GPIO-based sensor interfacing

  • Serial communication for GSM control

The Raspberry Pi processes ultrasonic distance data and triggers SMS alerts when preset threshold levels are exceeded.

🔹 How the System Works

  • The ultrasonic sensor emits high-frequency sound waves.

  • The echo return time is measured to calculate object distance.

  • The Raspberry Pi Zero W processes the timing data using GPIO pins.

  • If the measured distance crosses a predefined limit, the system activates the SIM900 module.

  • The GSM module sends real-time SMS alerts to registered mobile numbers via cellular network.

This ensures continuous monitoring even in remote areas without Wi-Fi connectivity.

🔹 Key Features

  • Accurate ultrasonic distance measurement

  • GSM-based SMS alert system

  • Real-time remote monitoring capability

  • Built-in Wi-Fi & Bluetooth support (Raspberry Pi Zero W)

  • Low-power, compact embedded design

  • Suitable for field and industrial deployment

🔹 Applications

  • Water tank level monitoring system

  • Reservoir and dam level alerts

  • Industrial distance and safety monitoring

  • Smart parking detection system

  • Distance-based intrusion alert system

  • Agricultural water management solution

  • Remote IoT sensing platform

🔹 Benefits

  • Cost-effective IoT monitoring solution

  • Works without internet (GSM-based alerts)

  • Scalable for multi-sensor integration

  • Reliable long-range mobile communication

  • Easy integration with automation systems

Code:

/*
 * Arduino Sketch for Raspberry Pi Zero W and GSM SIM900 Based Ultrasonic
 * Distance Measurement System
 *
 * This code interfaces with a JSN-SR04T Ultrasonic Sensor to measure distance
 * and uses a GSM SIM900 module to send the measured distance via SMS. The
 * Raspberry Pi Zero W is used to control the sensor and the GSM module.
 *
 * Connections:
 * - JSN-SR04T Trig to GPIO 23
 * - JSN-SR04T Echo to GPIO 24
 * - JSN-SR04T 5V and GND to Raspberry Pi 5V and GND
 * - GSM SIM900 5V and GND to Raspberry Pi 5V and GND
 */

#define TRIG_PIN 23
#define ECHO_PIN 24

void setup() {
  pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication for GSM
}

void loop() {
  long duration, distance;
 
  // Clear the TRIG_PIN
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
 
  // Set the TRIG_PIN high for 10 microseconds
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
 
  // Read the ECHO_PIN, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
  duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);
 
  // Calculate the distance
  distance = (duration / 2) / 29.1; // Convert to cm
 
  // Print the distance to the serial monitor
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");
 
  // Send distance via GSM SIM900
  sendSMS(distance);
 
  delay(2000); // Wait for 2 seconds before next measurement
}

void sendSMS(long distance) {
  Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); // Set SMS mode to text
  delay(1000);
  Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+1234567890\""); // Replace with recipient's number
  delay(1000);
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");
  Serial.write(26); // ASCII code for CTRL+Z to send the SMS
  delay(1000);
}

Applications

  • Water level monitoring in tanks and reservoirs

  • Industrial automation and safety systems

  • Smart parking systems

  • Distance-based intrusion detection

  • Agricultural monitoring solutions

 Benefits

  • Cost-effective IoT solution

  • Remote accessibility without internet dependency

  • Scalable and easy to integrate

  • Reliable long-distance communication via GSM

This GSM-based ultrasonic distance measurement system using Raspberry Pi Zero W provides a dependable, affordable, and efficient solution for remote sensing and monitoring applications across industries.

 

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