Difference between open and closed circuit:
Open circuit: An open circuit is a circuit in which the path is incomplete which means there is no flow of current.
Closed circuit: A closed circuit is a circuit in which the path is complete and there is a flow of current in the entire path.
Conductors:
Materials which allow electric current to pass through them are called conductors of electricity.Examples are iron nail, key, safety pin, water, human body etc.
Insulators:
Materials which do not allow electric current to pass through them are called insulators.Examples are rubber, wood, plastic, glass, air, cloth etc.
Battery (DC Power Supply)
A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy.Batteries have two terminals, a positive (+) terminal and a negative (-) terminal.
When a device is connected to the battery, the positive terminal is connected to the positive side of the device and the negative terminal is connected to the negative side of the device.
Simple circuit to light an LED
Let us build a simple circuit using TinkerCAD to light an LED with the help of a push button.We can simulate this circuit and test it using TinkerCAD.
Connect the battery pack's red lead to the power bus.
Connect the battery pack's black lead to the ground bus.
Connect the resistor from hole B12 to the ground bus.
Insert the pushbutton's four pins into holes E10, F10, E12, and F12.
Insert the LED's long lead into the power bus, and the short lead into hole J10.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSORS
1.Light Dependent Resistor (LDR):
An LDR, or photoresistor, is a resistor that changes its resistance based on the amount of light it receives. The resistance decreases as the light intensity increases, making it useful in light-sensitive applications like automatic lighting.
2.Temperature Sensor:
A temperature sensor measures the temperature of its environment and converts the data into a readable form, usually as an electrical signal. Common types include thermistors, thermocouples, and digital temperature sensors like the DS18B20.
3.PIR Motion Sensor:
A Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensor detects infrared radiation emitted by objects, typically warm bodies like humans or animals. It's widely used in security systems and automatic lighting to detect movement.
4.Ultrasonic Sensor:
An ultrasonic sensor measures distance by emitting ultrasonic sound waves and detecting the time it takes for the echo to return. It’s commonly used in robotics and automation for obstacle detection and distance measurement.
5.Soil Moisture Sensor:
A soil moisture sensor measures the moisture level in soil by detecting the resistance between two probes inserted into the ground. It's used in gardening, agriculture, and automated irrigation systems to monitor soil hydration.
BEGINNER PROJECTS (Foundation Skills)
- Ultrasonic Distance Measurement
- Traffic Light Simulation with 7-Segment Display
- 7-Segment Display Counter
- Kids Piano Circuit (8-Key Version)
- 16×2 LCD Display with Text Output
- LCD I2C to Arduino UNO
- Temperature Measurement using Arduino UNO
- LDR Controlled Street Light
INTERMEDIATE PROJECTS (Build Your Skills)
- Servo Motor Control Using Potentiometer
- DC Motor Speed Control
- Temperature Controlled Fan
- PIR Based Theft Alert System
- LPG Gas Leakage Detection System
- Automatic Door Locking System
- Soil Moisture Based Automatic Watering System
- Simple Digital Clock using Arduino UNO
- Automatic Voting Machine (EVM)
- Joystick Control using Arduino Uno
- RGB Lamp Control using Arduino Uno
ADVANCED PROJECTS (Master Level)
- Home Automation Using Arduino UNO
- Bluetooth RC Car using Arduino Uno
- Obstacle Avoiding Robot
- Line Follower Robot
- Radar System Using Arduino UNO
- Automatic Parking System
- Bi-Directional People Counter using Arduino Uno
- Automatic Plant Watering System
- NeoPixel LED Ring Control using Arduino Uno
- Smart Gloves for Bedridden People
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