RADAR SYSTEM FULLY WORKING WITH CIRCUIT CODE AND SIMULATION

 

 RADAR System Using Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino UNO

This project creates a simple RADAR system using the Arduino Uno, an HC-SR04, and a SG90.

The system scans an area by rotating the ultrasonic sensor from 0° to 180°, measures distances, and displays the data on the Serial Monitor.

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 Components Required

• Arduino Uno

• HC-SR04

• SG90

• Breadboard

• Jumper Wires

• USB Cable / 5V Power Supply

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 Circuit Connections

 Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

Sensor Pin	Connect To
VCC	5V
GND	GND
Trig	Arduino Pin 9
Echo	Arduino Pin 10

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 Servo Motor (SG90)

Servo Wire	Connect To
Red	5V
Brown/Black	GND
Orange/Yellow (Signal)	Arduino Pin 6

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 Working Principle

1️⃣ The servo rotates from 0° to 180°.
2️⃣ At each angle, the ultrasonic sensor sends sound pulses.
3️⃣ The echo signal returns after hitting an object.
4️⃣ Arduino calculates the distance.
5️⃣ The angle and distance are displayed on the Serial Monitor.

This simulates a simple radar scanning system.

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 Distance Formula

distance = (time × speed of sound) / 2

Speed of sound ≈ 0.0343 cm/µs

Division by 2 is required because the wave travels to the object and back.

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 Arduino Code

#include <Servo.h>

#define trigPin 9
#define echoPin 10
#define servoPin 6

Servo radarServo;

long duration;
int distance;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
  radarServo.attach(servoPin);
}

void loop() {

  for (int angle = 0; angle <= 180; angle++) {

    radarServo.write(angle);
    delay(15);

    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(2);

    digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(10);
    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

    duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
    distance = duration * 0.0343 / 2;

    Serial.print("Angle: ");
    Serial.print(angle);
    Serial.print(" | Distance: ");
    Serial.print(distance);
    Serial.println(" cm");
  }
}

 Output Example (Serial Monitor)

Angle: 30 | Distance: 25 cm
Angle: 60 | Distance: 18 cm
Angle: 90 | Distance: 10 cm

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 What Students Learn

✅ Ultrasonic distance measurement
✅ Servo motor control
✅ Angle-based scanning
✅ Serial communication
✅ Basic RADAR simulation concept
✅ Sensor + Actuator integration

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 Advanced Improvements

You can upgrade this project by adding:

•  Processing IDE radar graphical display

•  OLED display for distance output

•  Buzzer alert for close objects

•  LED indicator for detection

•  Data logging system

•  360° continuous servo scanning

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 Applications

• Obstacle detection systems

• Robotics navigation

• Parking sensor prototype

• Surveillance simulation

• STEM exhibition projects

BEGINNER PROJECTS (Foundation Skills)

1. Ultrasonic Distance Measurement
2. Traffic Light Simulation with 7-Segment Display
3. 7-Segment Display Counter
4. Kids Piano Circuit (8-Key Version)
5. 16×2 LCD Display with Text Output
6. LCD I2C to Arduino UNO
7. Temperature Measurement using Arduino UNO
8. LDR Controlled Street Light

INTERMEDIATE PROJECTS (Build Your Skills)

1. Servo Motor Control Using Potentiometer
2. DC Motor Speed Control
3. Temperature Controlled Fan
4. PIR Based Theft Alert System
5. LPG Gas Leakage Detection System
6. Automatic Door Locking System
7. Soil Moisture Based Automatic Watering System
8. Simple Digital Clock using Arduino UNO
9. Automatic Voting Machine (EVM)
10. Joystick Control using Arduino Uno
11. RGB Lamp Control using Arduino Uno

ADVANCED PROJECTS (Master Level)

1. Home Automation Using Arduino UNO
2. Bluetooth RC Car using Arduino Uno
3. Obstacle Avoiding Robot
4. Line Follower Robot
5. Radar System Using Arduino UNO
6. Automatic Parking System
7. Bi-Directional People Counter using Arduino Uno 
8. Automatic Plant Watering System
9. NeoPixel LED Ring Control using Arduino Uno
10. Smart Gloves for Bedridden People

ROBOTICS & MOTION PROJECTS

1. RC Car Using L293D Motor Driver
2. Robot Arm and Leg Control Using Servo
3. Smart Irrigation System using Arduino Uno